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Practice strives to provide tools and resources to support the safe and effective provision of physical therapy services in all settings.

APTA Practice Resources

New! Alternative Payment Model Community

A new community has been added for providers in value-based care and APM models to ask questions and share information. This community is open to all members.

Resources on Psychological Safety in the Workplace are now available on APTA.org in response to PO7-24-14-07, adopted by the 2024 HOD. Psychological Safety in the Workplace.

Two resources addressing physical therapy workforce predictions are available. The first was published in PTJ: Current and Projected Future Supply and Demand for Physical Therapists From 2022 to 2037: A New Approach Using Microsimulation.

The second resource is The APTA Supply and Demand Forecast 2022-2037. Both predict a physical therapy workforce shortage that will outpace the population growth rate by 2037.

Orthosis Coding Changes

Modified/New Codes for Rental of UE DME

The following code descriptors have been modified for 2025:

Code Previous Description 2025 Description
E1800 Dynamic adjustable elbow ext./flex. device Dynamic adjustable elbow ext. AND flex. device
E1805 Dynamic adjustable wrist ext./flex. device Dynamic adjustable wrist ext. AND flex. device
E1825 Dynamic adjustable finger ext./flex. device Dynamic adjustable finger ext. AND flex. device

New code descriptors for 2025

E1803 Dynamic adjustable elbow extension only device
E1804 Dynamic adjustable elbow flexion only device
E1807 Dynamic adjustable wrist extension only device
E1808 Dynamic adjustable wrist flexion only device
E1826 Dynamic adjustable finger extension only device
E1827 Dynamic adjustable finger flexion only device

Upper Extremity Myoelectric Prostheses Coding Update

New specifications for correct coding and billing of UE Myoelectric prostheses have been adopted. The information can be reviewed here: UE Myoelectric Prosthesis Coding.

CMS announced modification of some DME codes previously used to bill for rental UE equipment (dynamic orthoses or serial static stretching devices). Consult your DME MAC website for fee schedule information.

CG Modifier

Medicare does not pay for orthoses or supports primarily made of elastic or other stretchable materials such as neoprene, spandex, elastane, or Lycra. Previous coding policy excepted code L3923 from this policy if an adjustable insert was included and used to custom fit the support for the patient if the code was submitted with a CG modifier. New guidance indicates the CG modifier has been discontinued with upper extremity orthoses. Hand-finger neoprene, elastic or other soft material supports requiring custom fitting of an incorporated metal or thermoplastic support should be coded as L3923 without a CG modifier. The finger modifiers still apply. If the HFO is composed of the fabrics listed above and does not contain a moldable support, it should be coded A4467: “Belt, strap, sleeve, garment, or covering, any type” and is not covered by Medicare.

For more information, see: https://med.noridianmedicare.com/web/jddme/search-result/-/view/2230703/hand-finger-orthoses-l3923-use-of-cg-modifier.

Medicare

DMEPOS Supplier Changes

CMS announced changes to the supplier enrollment and revalidation process:

  • Suppliers enrolled after 1/1/2026 will be required to revalidate their enrollment annually. Suppliers previously enrolled will complete their current 3-year revalidation cycle and then switch over to annual revalidation.
  • CMS will perform unannounced supplier site visits.
  • Medical Records will receive closer scrutiny to justify DMEPOS medical necessity.
  • There will be stricter standards surrounding supplier ownership changes.

More information is available here: 2026 Final Rule.

DMEPOS Supplier Enrollment Moratorium

On Feb. 25, 2026, CMS announced enhanced efforts to prevent fraudulent claims and improper payments for DMEPOS. To that end, they have placed a 6-month moratorium on new enrollments and ownership changes by certain categories of DMEPOS suppliers, specifically suppliers and companies whose primary business is DMEPOS, but who do not provide additional services. PTs in private practice are not prevented from enrolling as new suppliers. More information on this initiative is available here: CMS announces DMEPOS supplier moratorium

Resumption of the Competitive Bidding Program (CBP)

CMS announced the resumption of the CBP by January 1, 2028. Several program changes have been announced that may impact physical therapists in private practice.

  • Contracts will be awarded for “remote item delivery” (RID). Instead of a specific local contractor, the successful bidders will be responsible for delivering items nationally.
  • Upper extremity off-the-shelf orthoses will be included, although the specific items have not been published.
  • It is unclear if provider suppliers (PTs, OTs, MDs) will be exempt and will be able to continue to supply their patients who are Medicare beneficiaries with supplies on the CB list.

HUE will continue to monitor information as it is released and provide updates.

Telehealth

Physical therapists can continue to provide telehealth services under Medicare until 12/31/2027.

CMS has published multi-lingual telehealth resources for patients in 6 additional languages including: Arabic, Chinese, Creole, Haitian, Korean, Russian, and Vietnamese. These resources are available at CMS Language Resources.

MIPS MVPs

Changes have been proposed for the musculoskeletal MIPS Value Pathway. New and modified quality measures and improvement activities are replacing other measures and quality activities. For more information: 2026 QPP, MVP proposals

Remote Therapeutic Monitoring Code Updates

CMS added RTM codes more aligned with actual practice, based on advocacy from APTA. For complete information on using RTM codes, download the updated Practice Advisory: APTA RTM Practice Advisory.

Caregiver Training Code Update

As of January 1, 2025, CMS has changed the required intervention time threshold for caregiver training services. Unlike other procedure codes that allow billing for sessions lasting 8” or more, CPT code 97550 (caregiver face to face training) can only be billed if training lasts a full 30”. Similarly, 97551 (care giver training to facilitate functional performance) can only be billed if treatment time reaches 15”. Intervention for less than the full amount stated in the code will not be payable.

Good Faith Estimate Requirements:

HHS has issued a revised “Frequently Asked Questions” document for the Good Faith Estimate Requirements for cash-based practices. The updated document can be accessed here: Good Faith Estimate FAQ's

Information Blocking Rules

The department of HHS instituted regulations designed to improve patients’ access to electronic health information in 2021. A new report details the 299 complaints received by HHS since the start of the program and 211 targeted health care providers. Make sure your practice is compliant with the rules by reviewing the: APTA Info Blocking Advisory.

Physical Therapist Assistants

PTA Supervision Requirements Change
CMS adopted APTA’s proposed change to PTA supervision requirements for outpatient physical therapy practices. PTAs will now be under general supervision in all practice settings in the 49 states already allowing general supervision of PTAs in all settings.

PTA Differential
Beginning in 2022, services provided “in whole or part” by PTA’s are reimbursed at 85% of the PFS.

IN part is defined as >10% of the 15” code performed solely by PTA (not PT and PTA together). If the PT and the PTA each perform billable time for the same CPT code, the services can be reported on separate claim lines with the appropriate modifier (CQ for PTA and GP for PT).

State Practice News

Medicaid Resources

APTA has collected data to create the State Medicaid Payment Rate Guide. This guide is an important tool for negotiating payment rates and advocating for improved payment rates in your state. The guide is downloadable here: APTA State Medicaid Payment Rate Guide

State Payer Advocacy Resource Center

APTA and the Private Practice Section have partnered to develop resources and tools to help PT’s address the overuse of prior authorization and utilization management barriers to medically necessary care. This new set of resources includes advice reversing payment denials, dealing with prior authorizations, template letters for patients and providers to legislators, insurance commissioners, employers and state Medicaid offices. This “members only” benefit can be accessed here: State Payer Resources

Commercial Payers

Aetna

For all Aetna commercial plans, a referral or signed plan of care is no longer required for PT services. All Aetna Medicare Advantage plans will follow local coverage determinations which should match the CMS policy.

Anthem

Anthem now requires documentation of start/stop times for all therapy CPT codes. They have also instituted a new rule that combines the 8” CMS rule and the midpoint rule that has led to provider confusion. APTA payment staff has reached out and is working to reverse the changes. See our Public Policy page for links to template letters providers can submit to Anthem or other insurers protesting this policy.

Tricare

Tricare has presented significant challenges this year including disruptions in care access and provider payment. APTA payment staff has been communicating to both contractors and the Defense Health Agency (DHA) on behalf of members.

If you are still having difficulty with access or payment under these programs, please reach out at: [email protected].

UnitedHealth/Optum

Update! Prior Authorization for Medicare Advantage Plans

As of January 8, 2025, UHC has modified previously announced prior authorization requirements for PT services delivered in private offices and outpatient hospital settings:

Beginning January 13, 2025, only plans of care requesting more than 6 visits or exceeding 8 weeks will be assessed for medical necessity. Initial consultations do not require prior authorization and up to 6 visits of a member's initial plan of care will be covered without conducting a clinical review when the first 6 visits take place within 8 weeks.

See which plans are impacted and which are excluded.

For all prior authorization questions (all plans): UHC has requested that providers send inquiries/voice concerns/seek guidance via one the methods listed below:

Optum Physical Health Contact Info
Ph: 800-873-4575
Chat: https://www.myoptumhealthphysicalhealth.com/
Email: [email protected]
Cred Email: [email protected]

UHC will not be including PTs in its Gold Card Program at this time.

Cohere Nationwide Expansion

Humana has contracted with Cohere, a UMN, to handle authorization of therapy services including PT, OT and SLP for all commercial and Medicare Advantage plans. In meetings with APTA staff, Cohere representatives provided some information specific upper extremity conditions and orthoses.

  1. Prior authorization is not required for hand, thumb, wrist, forearm, and elbow conditions or humeral fractures except for Xiaflex for Dupuytren’s contracture.
  2. PT for UE is not included under a dedicated care path. Codes reflecting upper extremity diagnoses can still be submitted as a single service and assessed for approval, but prior approval is not required for payment. Any PRO measure can be submitted with the request for review.
  3. Codes not listed on the prior authorization list are eligible and don’t require preapproval.
  4. Repair codes are covered and do not require prior authorization.

Please contact Marsha at [email protected] to report coverage denials for UE rehab or orthoses.